Start with a complete path
A simple battery circuit needs a continuous conducting path from one battery terminal, through the components, and back to the other terminal. A suitable bulb can light when current flows through it.
The battery supplies energy. The wires connect the components. The bulb converts some of the transferred electrical energy into light and heat.
A complete path is necessary, but real circuits also need suitable components and operating conditions. A damaged bulb or an unsuitable battery can change the result.
What a switch changes
A switch can complete or interrupt a path. In our simplified game, a closed switch connects the path and an open switch breaks it.
With two switches in series, both need to be closed to complete that path. Opening either switch interrupts the circuit.
The game models ideal components. It is a reasoning exercise, not a circuit simulator for designing real electrical equipment.
Conductors and insulators
Materials such as copper and aluminium conduct electricity well. Materials such as dry rubber resist electric current under ordinary conditions and are used as insulators.
That distinction has limits. Real materials behave differently under extreme voltages, temperatures or other conditions. The game assumes ordinary conditions and simplifies those details.
Make a prediction
Before opening the discovery lab, ask two questions:
- Is every switch closed?
- Is there a conducting path all the way around?
Use your prediction to explain the result. If it differs from the result, follow the path again.
Keep it on screen
Do not experiment with wall sockets, household wiring or batteries. No physical equipment is needed for this activity. Explore the on-screen model with a trusted adult if you would like help.
Further reading
NOW TRY IT
Take the idea for a spin.
Explore this topic with a short, on-screen challenge.
Play the mini game ↗